| 1. Calf Diarrhea and Mortality Trial |
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| A collaborative study conducted by two universities in Mexico and the University of California, Davis (USA),
involving Holstein calves was carried out over 45 days and published in the Turkish Journal of Animal Science. |
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• Subjects: 30 Holstein calves, all challenged with diarrhea-causing pathogens.
• Trial Duration: From day 7 after birth to day 45.
• Treatment (Glycozyme group): 5 grams of Glycozyme administered daily, mixed with milk replacer. |
| |
| Results |
| Items |
Control |
Glycozyme组 |
Diff |
| Mortality |
46.7% |
26.7% |
- 43% |
| Weight gaint, kg |
3.96 |
6.30 |
+ 59% |
| ADFI, kg |
45.14 |
81.14 |
+ 44% |
| Durationof Diarrhea |
16.7 |
16.7 |
No difference |
|
| |
| Blood Metabolism Indicators (as of Day 45) |
| Items |
Control |
Glycozyme |
Diff. |
| Glucose, mg/dL |
54.30 |
70.3 |
+ 29% |
| (Urea N, mg/dL) |
5.78 |
4.18 |
- 28% |
| NEFA (mmol/L) |
0.267 |
0.149 |
- 44% |
| Cortisol (µg/dL) |
1.48 |
0.95 |
- 36% |
|
| |
Key Blood Metabolic Findings (Day 45)
A. Increased Serum Glucose Levels
Glycozyme improves gut microbial balance and enhances nutrient absorption efficiency in the small intestine, thereby stimulating energy metabolism.
As a result, serum glucose levels increase, allowing calves to utilize feed energy more effectively, which promotes growth and recovery.
B. Reduced Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
A decrease in BUN indicates improved protein metabolism and higher nitrogen utilization efficiency.
Urea nitrogen is the end product of protein catabolism; elevated levels often signal protein breakdown.
Glycozyme enhances protein absorption and utilization, reducing nitrogen loss and thus lowering BUN levels.
This reflects better nutritional status, liver function stability, and supports healthy growth.
C. Decreased NEFA (Non-Esterified Fatty Acids)
NEFAs are metabolic byproducts released into the bloodstream during fat breakdown, typically elevated when energy supply is insufficient.
Glycozyme enhances intestinal energy absorption, helping to maintain energy balance and reducing the need for fat mobilization.
As a result, NEFA levels drop, indicating that calves are growing healthily without physiological stress.
D. Decreased Cortisol Levels
Cortisol reduction → Stabilization of the HPA axis → Immune recovery.
Cortisol is a key stress hormone secreted via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
Elevated cortisol suppresses immune function—particularly T cells, B cells, macrophages—and reduces IgA secretion, weakening gut mucosal immunity.
In the Glycozyme 0.5% treatment group, cortisol levels decreased by 28.6%, contributing to immune recovery, reduced infection rate, and lower mortality.
By exerting anti-inflammatory effects and improving gut health, Glycozyme significantly alleviates systemic stress and suppresses cortisol secretion.
This has a positive impact on maintaining immune function and enhancing resistance to infections. |
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| Metabolic Trial in Calves (Mexico) |
| Experimental Design: |
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• Subjects: 4 Holstein calves (average body weight: 137 kg)
• Treatment Groups:
• 0 g (Control group)
• 0.5 g per 10 kg body weight
• 1.0 g per 10 kg body weight
• 1.5 g per 10 kg body weight
• Trial Period:
• 10-day adaptation period
• 4-day sampling period
• 7-day washout period (repeated) |
| |
Experimental Results:
Measured based on the production of butyrate (mol/100 mol) |
| |
| |
Control |
Butyrate levels |
Diff. % |
| 0g |
|
9.07 |
|
| 0.5g GYZ |
9.07 |
11.36 |
+ 25.24% |
| 1.0g GYZ |
9.07 |
12.51 |
+ 37.93% |
| 1.5g GYZ |
9.07 |
14.89 |
+ 64.17% |
|
| |
Main Functions of Butyrate
A. Digestion & Microbial Growth |
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• Butyrate serves as an important energy source for gut microbiota.
• It promotes the growth of butyrate-producing bacteria such as Clostridium and Butyrivibrio, along with other symbiotic microbes.
• Enhances nitrogen utilization efficiency and protein synthesis rate, thereby promoting microbial protein production.
|
| |
| B. Weight Gain & Skeletal Development |
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• Butyrate stimulates the secretion of growth hormone (GH) and activates IGF-1 receptors, facilitating weight gain.
• Studies have shown it improves feed conversion ratio (FCR) and promotes bone formation by enhancing calcium absorption. |
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| C. Immunity |
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• Butyrate exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by suppressing the expression of inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-α, stabilizing the intestinal immune environment.
• It promotes stable IgA secretion without overstimulating the gut immune system, thus enhancing mucosal immunity. |
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| D. Gut & Villus Development |
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• Directly promotes the differentiation and proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells.
• Leads to elongation of villi and shallowing of crypts, which increases the absorptive surface area for nutrien |
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| Butyrate's Role in Skeletal Development |
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| A. Promotes Mineral Absorption in the Intestine |
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o Enhances tight junction integrity in colonic epithelial cells, improving absorption of minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus.
o Calcium (Ca²⁺) and phosphorus (P) play direct roles in bone formation. |
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| B. Stimulates Osteoblast Activity |
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| o Activates osteoblasts and upregulates bone formation-related genes such as Runx2, BMP-2, and Osterix. |
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| C. Suppresses Bone Resorption (Anti-Osteoclast Effect) |
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| o At high concentrations, butyrate inhibits the RANKL/RANK signaling pathway, reducing osteoclast formation and activity. |
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| D. Activates the IGF-1 Pathway |
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o After being absorbed in the intestine, butyrate promotes hepatic secretion of IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor-1).
o IGF-1 is a key hormone in longitudinal bone growth and plays a direct role in the development of growth plates |
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| Black Angus test, Mexico |
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1. Location :Hermosilo, Sonora, Mexico
- Farm : GanaderiaAromaz
- Breeds : Angus, Brangus, Hibrid
- Duration : 4 weeks
- Method : 0.5% Glycozyme
|
| |
| |
Control group |
Glycozyme 0.5% |
|
| Head |
50 |
51 |
|
| Initial Weight, kg |
157.70 |
154.30 |
|
| Final Weight, kg |
190.22 |
192.60 |
|
| Weight gain, kg |
32.52 |
38.30 |
+ 17.8% |
| ADG, kg |
1.12 |
1.32 |
+ 17.8% |
| Feed intake/Day |
6.76 |
6.71 |
- 0.74% |
| FCR |
6.03 |
5.08 |
- 15.75% |
| Motality |
1 |
0 |
|
| Morbidity |
3 |
0 |
|
|
| |
 |
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| Feedlot test in SD, USA |
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| Reported by cattle consutant, Purina |
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• ADG improved by 14.1% compared with the control group.
• Each animal gained approximately 35.6 lb more body weight. |
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| Item |
Glycozyme Group |
Control Group |
Difference |
| Breed |
Black Angus Heifer |
RedAngus Heifer |
- |
| Number of Head |
183 |
276 |
- |
| Initial Avg. Weight |
1,108.9 lb |
1,135.7 lb |
- |
| Final Avg. Weight |
1,396.7 lb |
1,387.9 lb |
+8.8 lb |
| Gain per Head |
287.8 lb |
252.2 lb |
+35.6 lb |
| % Gain per Head |
25.95% |
22.21% |
+14.1% vs Control |
| Days on Feed |
54 days |
54 days |
Same |
| Average Daily Gain (ADG) |
5.33 lb/day |
4.67 lb/day |
+14.1% |
| Total Lot Gain |
52,670 lb |
69,620 lb |
- |
| Feedlot Performance |
Improved |
Baseline |
Higher Growth Efficiency |
|
| |
• Glycozyme supplementation demonstrated superior feedlot growth performance and productivity in heifer cattle.
• Glycozymesupplementation : 50g/ day |
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